解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
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放射学,核医学和医学成像
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生殖生物学
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热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The majority of studies on pesticide impacts have evaluated the effects of single exposures. However, multiple exposures to a pesticide may be more prevalent. The objective of our study was to determine how multiple exposures versus single exposure at different times during development affected survival to metamorphos...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-401
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Technical toxaphene (Melipax) and the single compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs) 2,2,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-806), 2,2,5-endo,6-exo, 8,9,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-809), 2,2,5,5,8,9,9,10,10-nonachlorobornane (B9-1025), 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10,10-nonochlorobornane (B9-1679), 2-endo,3-...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-605
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sublethal effects of lead (Pb) on the earthworm Eisenia fetida were evaluated in the laboratory using freshly spiked soil and soil collected from Canadian prairie skeet ranges. After a four-week exposure to soil spiked with lead acetate, earthworm neutral red retention time (NRRT). soil Pb concentrations, and eart...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-582
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deposit-feeders may be important in facilitating the removal of organic contaminants from bulk sediment. The relationship between uptake route (water vs sediment), depuration and toxicity was investigated in the deposit-feeding polychaete Capitella species I. Individual worms were exposed either to dissolved (i.e., < ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-271
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination of the environment represents a serious threat to the health of humans and ecosystems. Given the human health effects of PAHs, effective and cost-competitive remediation technologies are required. Bioremediation has shown promise as a potentially effective and low-co...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-472
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sea urchin sperm fertilization bioassay is an approved U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) biomonitoring tool for regulatory and compliance purposes. The method adapted for the Hawaiian species Tripneustes gratilla recommends a sperm-to-egg ratio of 2,500. Using a fixed ratio for all tests does not suf...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-614
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work, susceptibility to oxidative stress was analyzed under laboratory conditions in the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Eels were treated with increasing concentrations of benchmark environmental pollutants, namely, benzo[a]pyrene ([BaP], at 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 50 mg/kg), beta-naphthoflavone ([BNF], at 0, 0.1,...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-378
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A dark, toxic leachate has been observed around woodpiles of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) cut in winter for pulp or structural lumber. We measured production of leachate from 18 m3 of harvestable aspen logs stacked in an open field near Dawson Creek, British Columbia, Canada. The logpile began producin...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-183
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Ca-exchanged clays were used to investigate the sorption of toluene under both high and low relative humidity conditions. According to the observed rates of sorption and desorption and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of sorbed toluene, the sorbate molecules on clays can be divided into three categori...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-270
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developing and validating quantitative cationic-activity relationships or (Q)CARs to predict the toxicity metals is challenging because of issues associated with metal speciation, complexation and interactions within biological systems and the media used to study these interactions. However, a number of simplifying as...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1897/02-568
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological risk assessments for chemical stressors are used to establish linkages between likely exposure concentrations and adverse effects to ecological receptors. At times, it is useful to conduct screening risk assessments to assist in prioritizing or ranking chemicals on the basis of potential hazard and exposure...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1897/01-194
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::New techniques and software have enabled ubiquitous use of structure-activity relationships (SARs) in the pharmaceutical industry and toxicological sciences. We review the status of SAR technology by using examples to underscore the advances as well as the unique technical challenges. Applying SAR involves two steps: ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1897/01-198
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular energy allocation (CEA) methodology was used to assess the adverse effects of toxic stress on the energy budget of test organisms. This biochemical assay is quantified by determining changes in the available energy reserves, Ea (total carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content) and the energy consumption, E...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A field monitoring campaign investigating the suitability of (Cd, Zn)-metallothionein concentrations (MTs) in different tissues of the gudgeon as a biomarker for metal contamination in the aquatic environment was conducted. Gudgeons were captured at 10 sampling sites on a river system in Flanders (Belgium). Nine sampl...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Demographic methods can translate toxicant effects on individuals into consequences for populations. To date few such studies have been conducted with longer-lived invertebrates. This is because full life-cycle experiments are difficult with such species. Here we report the effects of copper and cadmium on the key dem...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three environmental multimedia models of varying degrees of complexity are compared to assess when simple models are adequate and when more complex models are advantageous. The simplest model, the level II (L-II) model, assumes all environmental media are at chemical equilibrium, whereas the more complex models treat ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myriophyllum spp. have been proposed as a new standard laboratory aquatic macrophyte test species for the registration of pesticides. The main objectives of this investigation were to determine the power of Myriophyllum sibiricum and Myriophyllum spicatum toxicity data derived from an outdoor microcosm bioassay, to ev...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The degradation of plasticizers by the yeast Rhodotorula rubra J-96-1 (American Type Culture Collection 9449) in the presence of glucose was studied. The plasticizers included the commonly used bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate (B(EH)A), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), and dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), and the less commonly used dipr...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In metal-polluted environments, high concentrations of metals such as zinc, cadmium, copper, and lead are present. Many studies have been conducted to determine uptake and binding of the nonessential, toxic metal cadmium. Effects of essential metals on this uptake and binding remain unclear. The aim of the present stu...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current regulation of metals in soils is based on total metal concentrations rather than on actual exposure concentrations. Considering the extreme variation in soil physicochemical properties, total concentrations are not reflective of the availability and resultant toxicity of metals in different soils. In this stud...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and black carbon (BC) were measured in alpine Lake Planina (Slovenia) sediment. Lake Planina is a remote mountain lake with almost no direct anthropogenic influence. Long-distance atmospheric deposition is a major pathway for the loading of contaminants to the sediment. The PAH w...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicokinetics describe the time course of xenobiotics in an exposed organism. The steady state concentration of the xenobiotic is a characteristic of frequent concern, often summarized in terms of bioaccumulation factors (BAFs). Two experimental protocols are commonly used when estimating BAFs: a continuous exposure ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical substances other than pesticides, drugs, and food additives are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), but the United States does not require that new substances be tested automatically for such critical properties as biodegradability. T...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil column experiments were conducted to investigate the release of aged organic contaminants (adsorbable organohalogens, [AOX]) and the potential effects of microbial turnover of soil organic matter onto the contaminant release from two different soils of former wastewater infiltration sites. Under reference conditi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reports the results of various biodegradation experiments on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated sandy soil employing a mixed culture of acclimatized bacteria. Following the optimization of different variables without chemical pretreatment, the elimination rate achieved of Aroclor 1242 in slurry-p...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nineteen adjuvants, many used as surfactants for aquatic herbicide applications, were applied in static bioassay to bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) for 96 h to determine median lethal concentrations (LC50). Surfactants are added to the tank mix as a percentage (v/v) of the total volume, in contrast to herbicide...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) is a halogenated aromatic nitrile herbicide used on a variety of crops for the postemergence control of annual broad-leaved weeds. The anaerobic biodegradability of bromoxynil and its aerobic transformation product, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate, were examined in enrichme...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In risk assessment of aquatic sediments, much attention is paid to the immobilizing effect of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) on trace metals. The difference of AVS and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) gives an indication of metal availability. In floodplain sediments, where changing redox conditions occur, AVS may p...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::American toad (Bufo americanus) tadpoles were exposed to cadmium from shortly after hatching through metamorphosis. Cadmium at 540 microg/L decreased percentage survival and metamorphosis; 5 and 54 microg/L increased growth relative to controls. Amphibians exposed to cadmium as tadpoles may be less tolerant of natural...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood samples from lizards (Gallotia galloti) collected from two agricultural areas (Las Galletas and Punta del Hidalgo) and two reference areas on the Island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) were analyzed for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity. Serum BChE activity was characterized first by in vitro experiments...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inorganic fluorides were declared toxic under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act in 1993 based on their potential to cause long-term harmful effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, but information on the toxicity of sediment-associated fluoride to freshwater benthic organisms was considered incomplete. T...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicity and efficacy of a bacteria-based commercial bioremediation agent (CBA) was assessed through bioassays with juvenile inland silverside minnows, Menidia beryllina, and flask studies of oil degradation. Addition of the CBA to weathered Alaska, USA North Slope crude oil (ANS-521) prior to testing increased to...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bioavailable arsenic (As) content of contaminated soils was determined by joint analyses of acid-soluble, total water-soluble, and biovailable As by using a luminescent bacterial sensor, Escherichia coli MC1061(pTOO31). According to the results of this study, a significant positive correlation was found between th...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many chemicals have recently been demonstrated to possess estrogenic activity and may potentially interfere with normal sexual development. In the present study, we quantified the effects of waterborne exposure to 17beta-estradiol on the gonopodial development and sexual activity of male eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Luminescent bacterium Shk1 was created for the purpose of testing and screening the toxicity of activated sludge wastewater treatment plant influent to avoid toxic shock to the wastewater treatment plant microorganisms. The toxicity of a number of organic compounds was tested using an assay employing Shk1. Because the...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the influence of surface and subsurface properties of three representative soils of the humid pampas of Argentina on atrazine and metribuzin sorption. Atrazine and metribuzin sorption isotherms were constructed for each soil at four depths. Sorption affinity of herbicides...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A modeling study was conducted to examine the distribution of concentrations of the antimicrobial triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether) in rivers following discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most uses of triclosan are disposed of down residential drains and ultimately reach WWTPs. A mo...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Baltic Sea is a heavily polluted area. To assess the current contaminant pressure on the common guillemot (Uria aalge) living there, whole-body extracts of guillemots from the Baltic Sea were prepared and subdivided over six fractions, which differed in composition due to lipophilicity and polarity of the contamin...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organic compounds in sediments are known to distribute between rapid, slowly, and very slowly desorbing sites. This distribution is relevant to bioavailability and risk assessment of organic compounds in sediment. In this study, the fraction desorbing to Tenax in 6 h was measured for a range of organic compounds in se...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pacific tree frog (Hyla regilla) tadpoles were collected throughout the Sierra Nevada mountain range, California, USA, in 1996 and 1997 and analyzed for the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and toxaphene. Whole-tadpole sigma PCB levels ranged from 244 ng/g (wet wt) at lower elevations on the western slope ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00